Summer college business programs see big returns
College summer intensive business programs are booming, according to a new report in Inside Higher ...
Spotlight on Education Archive
Ed department funnels $2.5 million toward boosting student services, outcomes
In an effort to help improve student services and outcomes, the U.S. Department of Education has ...
Improving STEM education to create more moon walkers
As the nation mourns the loss of Neil Armstrong, the first man to walk on the moon, his life’s ...
Online learning: Impacting education and improving outcomes
The internet has played a pivotal role in changing the way we socialize, work, play and ...
Career outlook for sociology profs improves
The slow recovery from the Great Recession has left many new grads and even current college ...
Is your favorite celebrity an education high roller?
Celebrities tend to have a reputation for being self-absorbed, self-serving people with a ...
Americans lead in Olympic gold medals, but fall short in Education Olympics
The U.S. picked up 46 gold medals during the 2012 London Summer Olympics, easily holding on to its ...
Nation celebrates online education, instructors in August
The internet’s influence on education cannot be denied, which is why the U.S. Department of ...
Wired education: How the internet has impacted the way we learn
There’s no denying that the internet has made an indelible mark on education across the world. ...
Southern states boast of the most job growth, but there’s a caveat
People in the southern region of the U.S. may have a slight advantage over those in other areas of ...
Type fast? Court reporting schools to get federal support
Some of the nation’s schools that train the fast and furious fingers of court reporters and other ...
Interesting findings on students transferring from four-year universities to two-year colleges
Countless circumstances can prompt the need to transfer from a four-year university to a two-year ...
Not your mom’s professor: The evolution of college educators
As time has marched on, the type of educator found leading classrooms at the nation’s colleges and ...
Renewed efforts for education equality in the African American community
Close to 60 years after the Brown v. Board of Education ruling, the White House is looking at new ...
ACT scores are indictors of students’ final college decisions
A student’s ACT score can do more than just help an admissions officer determine if that student ...
Students want ‘road map’ for college
College can be difficult to navigate in its own right, but when you combine it with the ...
College attainment inching toward Obama’s goal
The U.S. was once the world leader when it came to tallying up the number of citizens earning ...
U.S. is slipping when it comes to innovation
Innovation is one of the keys to a nation’s success, especially in today’s global market — and the ...
Government invests $5.9 million in education of migrant students, workers
Five-year grants amounting to $5.9 million have been awarded to programs in nine states that cater ...
U.S. students feeling unchallenged in the classroom, study finds
Academic rigor is apparently missing in some U.S. classrooms. At least that’s the answer you’ll get ...
ACT launches new college and career readiness assessment
College and career readiness are clearly important characteristics to have at the high school level, ...
University research necessary to nation’s success, report finds
New findings by the National Research Council show that more attention and resources need to be ...
Obama administration: College degrees are worth the investment
Despite the hard work and sacrifice involved, college degrees are worth the investment, according to ...
$14 million funneled toward boosting access to college education
As education is increasingly seen as one of the nation’s most important keys to future economic ...
CUNY program offers path to get remedial college students on track
As community college administrators work to find ways to get remedial students up to speed ...
High unemployment rate plagues recent high school grads
The aftermath of the Great Recession and ongoing economic troubles are hitting recent high school ...
Low-income students to reap benefits of new college savings program
Low-income students will now have additional help saving money for college thanks to a new federal ...
Certificates gaining popularity, study finds
Certificates are becoming the ‘in’ thing when it comes to education, according to a new study by ...
Associate professors are unhappy campers, study finds
There may be some hard times ahead for those looking to embark on a career in academia, according to ...
Your summer vacation plans play a role in college admission
School may be out for summer, but that doesn’t necessarily mean that it's time to completely slack ...
Ed Department pushes school districts toward individualized education
Education is getting more personalized with the use of online education, tutors and programs ...
A college education could mean a longer life, study finds
Higher education brings more benefits than just the widening of job opportunities, according ...
Multitasking not always a positive for students, researchers say
Although the ability to multitask can oftentimes be seen as the key to success, and is even a ...
Nation’s top high school seniors recognized by Ed Department
The nation’s top high school seniors are getting a pat on the back for their hard work by the U.S. ...
Schools nationwide get federal recognition for being green
As the movement to go “green” continues to strengthen and grow, the U.S. Department of Education has ...
Ed department targets minority schools with STEM grants
The STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) are at the cornerstone of ...
U.S. grad schools see continued growth in international applicants
U.S. graduate schools continue to see an influx of applications from international students, ...
Nine states to see federal funds for low-performing schools
As the Obama administration continues to strive toward its goals of the U.S. having the most ...
Parental involvement can be helpful even at the college level
The idea of parental involvement may seem like it is limited to K-12 students, but new research ...
Are textbooks on the ropes? Tablet ownership skyrocketing among college, high school students
The immense popularity of tablets among college students appears to solidify claims — and hopes — ...
Confused and college bound? College Board offers new online resource
Preparing for a college education to be a daunting task for even the most organized and informed ...
Teacher turnover incites academic unrest
Despite the introduction of a more qualified educator at a school, teacher turnover can have a ...
Nation’s education problems could boost national security risks
U.S. students’ mediocre to poor rankings on international tests may play a larger role in the ...
The ins and outs of cheating in college
There are various forms of cheating in college, according to students recently surveyed, and they ...
Wave of university president retirements expected, says new report
U.S. college or university presidents are a fairly uniform bunch, according to new research by the ...
White House uses competition to push financial literacy among high schoolers
The U.S. departments of Treasury and Education have teamed up for their annual challenge to get ...
U.S. graduation rates tick upward, report finds
More U.S. high school students are making their way to graduation, according to a new report by the ...
Ed Department doles out cash for principal, teacher development
The U.S. Department of Education has invested $24.6 million in the development of principals and ...
Minority students face inequities in academic rigor, teacher quality & discipline
Minority students face an uphill battle in school for a plethora of reasons, according to new data ...
Community college placement tests chronically underestimate student potential, says study
Students enrolling in two-year colleges may be up against unfair odds when it comes to being placed ...
Study makes case for more patience with new school principals
High principal turnover at schools could lead to the demise of a school’s overall academic ...
Transferring schools during college more common than expected
As many as one-third of college students transfer at least one time in five years during their ...
Students from affluent families flocking to community colleges
Community colleges are playing an increasingly important and visible role in the nation’s education ...
It takes a village to improve schools, says Ed Department initiative
Communities and parents will be getting more involved in improving low-performing schools in their ...
Questionable future for affirmative action in college admissions
The future of affirmative action in college admissions is unclear as the U.S. Supreme Court is set ...
A smarter America: U.S. breaks record in college degree attainment
For the first time ever, more than 30 percent of the nation’s population aged 25 and older holds at ...
A little RESPECT: Ed Department unveils inclusive school reform plan
In the ongoing effort to reform the nation’s schools, the Department of Education has moved forward ...
Harder high school courses mean higher chances for long-term success
There’s even more proof that academic rigor is key to helping high school students excel in their ...
Obama’s 2012 budget proposal makes investment in education
President Barack Obama’s 2012 budget proposal illustrated his administration’s stated focus on ...
Obama administration stops waiting for Congress, makes changes to education program
While calling No Child Left Behind (NCLB) “a slow-motion train wreck for children, parents and ...
Incoming college students’ emotional health at all-time low
Blame it on the bad economy, low job prospects or sheer jitters about starting college, whatever the ...
Ed Department taps college community for advice
The U.S. Department of Education is calling on colleges and universities for help. The federal ...
President Obama spotlights education in State of the Union address
The issue of education had a starring role in President Barack Obama’s 2012 State of the Union ...
Promising results for first gay self-identification option on college app
Elmhurst College made national headlines this fall after becoming the first educational institution ...
Behavorial, social sciences important to medical education curricula
It will be critical for future physicians to have a clear and intimate understanding of their ...
Implementation hurdles seen in Race to the Top first-year report
A new report by the Ed Department on the $4 billion Race to the Top grant program, which rewards ...
Ed Department offers $1,500 to students in college cost video challenge
Colleges and universities around the country have all posted a new tool on their websites to help ...
USDA supports rural education through community colleges, distance learning
As states continue to struggle with dwindling education funds, rural community colleges feel the ...
20 underserved communities to benefit from Promise Neighborhoods program
Several neighborhood schools will now see more localized efforts to raise student achievement in ...
Dropping out of high school could ruin your life
If you know someone who is considering dropping out of high school, you might want to tell them to ...
Dual enrollment works when done right
Dual programs — in which high school students take college-level classes — can be effective, ...
New federal initiatives focus on Latino, Native American education
The Latino and Native American communities should soon see increased educational opportunities ...
Disabled students face inequities in college resources, says report
Students with disabilities face challenges when it comes to their access to the proper postsecondary ...
More college students going 'abroad or bust'
College students are adding more culture to the experience by heading abroad — and they are doing it ...
Education Department celebrates National Blue Ribbon awardees
The U.S. Department of Education honored 315 schools with the 2011 National Blue Ribbon award. The ...
Education Department pushing for office on early learning
Early learning is so important that it deserves its own office at the U.S. Department of Education; ...
Nation’s 2011 education report disappoints
What’s known as the nation’s annual report card showed disappointing trends when it comes to the ...
Millions of grads to score lower student loan payments
In an attempt to help college grads deal with their education loans in a tough economy, the Obama ...
Merit-based scholarships on the rise as economy struggles
As parents and students work to find ways to pay for the growing costs of a college education, new ...
How community college dropouts affect your pocketbook
When community college students fail to return to school for a second year it affects more than just ...
Admissions counselors eye applicant Facebook accounts
If you’re applying for admission to a school of higher learning, it might be prudent to do a sweep ...
Asian students missing from higher education agenda
More attention needs to be given to the needs of Asian American students, according to a recent ...
Community college completion rates spike over last 2 decades
Community colleges are continuing to emerge as an important player in the nation’s education system, ...
Latino college graduation rates fall short of national average
Even though the number of Latino students enrolling in K-12 U.S. schools is growing at a faster ...
Education department data shows pay gap for teachers at predominantly minority schools
The U.S. Department of Education has released data showing that teachers at schools with larger ...
Department of Education provides money to improve career training and community colleges
The U.S. Department of Education has announced $500 million in grants aimed at improving the job ...
Obama administration launches effort to increase technology in schools
The White House and U.S. Department of Education have marked the opening of “Digital Promise,” a ...
Federal student loan default rates on the rise
The nation’s economic downturn has made a noticeable impact on the number of students loans that ...
86 percent of young Americans find college to be essential
Just one year after graduating from high school, 86 percent of students surveyed by the College ...
Study: Families are changing habits to deal with rising college costs
American families are changing the way they approach the financial obligations associated with ...
Illinois public high school students face uphill battle in college
Former Illinois public high school students seem to have a hard time adjusting to the academic ...
APA strengthens standards for high school psychology courses
The way high school students learn psychology will soon change, thanks to new standards outlined by ...
Job outlook good in health, sciences but students not interested
Considering the jobs crisis plaguing the U.S., many of the nation’s unemployed workers are heading ...
Hispanic college attendance jumps by 24 percent in one year
College attendance among Hispanics skyrocketed between 2009 and 2010, according to a new report by ...
Race To The Top funds now available to early learning programs
Some $500 million are now up for grabs as the Obama administration releases the Race To the Top ...
ACT: College preparedness increasing among high school grads
High school graduates are becoming increasingly prepared for post-secondary education, according to ...
Women see more value in college degree than men
When it comes to seeing the value and benefits of earning a college degree, women beat out men, ...
California tallies middle school dropout rate for first time
California is the first state to acknowledge and tally up the dropout rate for middle schoolers in ...
Study: College degree critical to reaching middle class
Attaining a college education is the key to reaching the middle class and is one of America’s most ...
Obama administration moves to reform No Child Left Behind without Congress
After attempts to reform the No Child Left Behind law have failed to make progress in Congress, the ...
Education Department to focus on rural schools during August
In an ongoing effort to improve the quality of education being administered to students in the ...
Recession boosting college enrollment
The recession is having a positive impact on college enrollment among 17-year-olds to 20-year-olds, ...
Teacher certifications from alternative programs on the uptick
Forty percent of the teachers hired since 2005 have gotten their certifications from alternative ...
Research offers look at life after college
Prospects for new college grads are not as bleak as one would think, especially when compared to ...
New graduation reporting system to provide more accurate completion rates
Schools across the country will take a different approach to the way in which they report high ...
Education and Justice departments team up to combat school-to-prison pipeline
On the heels of a recent study’s findings that half of Texas’ middle and high school students have ...
Department of Education unveils exhibit by military children
The Department of Education is helping showcase the talent of the nation’s military children by way ...
Study: Half of Texas’ students have been suspended or expelled
Are American schools too harsh when it comes to discipline? A new study by the Council of State ...
Obama on a mission to improve U.S. workforce through education
President Barack Obama took on the task of improving the nation’s workforce on Monday by holding a ...
New data shows the fight continues to provide equal education
New data by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Civil Rights shows that disparities ...
Department of Education distressed by cheating scandals in U.S. schools
Typically students are the ones accused of cheating when it comes to school. But the cheating ...
Michigan governor, school officials release “dramatic plan” to fix schools
Michigan is taking a new approach to the way it will attempt to turnaround its under-performing ...
Longer school day battle could erupt in Chicago Public Schools
The Chicago Teachers Union (CTU) and Windy City Mayor Rahm Emanuel seem to be headed for a battle ...
Report: Hispanic-white achievement gap remains unchanged over two decades
The nation’s top education officials are reacting to new data from the National Center for Education ...
Obama administration pushes Congress for NCLB reauthorization
Calling No Child Left Behind (NCLB) “a slow-motion train wreck for children, parents and teachers,” ...
Unique ways to use Twitter in the classroom
Social media has become a major part of everyday life for a large portion or Americans, especially ...
Texting takes place of raising your hand in Dallas classrooms
Raising your hand to answer a question in class is now passe in some Dallas classrooms thanks to new ...
High school valedictorians becoming a thing of the past
Traditionally, the high school valedictorian was a singular position that meant the student with the ...
Report: Science should be as important as math and reading in U.S. schools
A new report by the National Research Council recommends that local and federal policymakers make ...
Wikipedia getting more respect in college classrooms
Wikipedia™, the reference website that lets the public make their own changes to entries on just ...
Obama administration puts focus on building rural communities
In response to the growing concerns about the educational and economic stability of the nation’s ...
New report from the International Summit on the Teaching Profession reveals potential strategies for reform
The U.S. Department of Education and the Asia Society have released a report full of ...
Department of Education devotes another $150 million to innovative education project
The U.S. Department of Education has announced that it will devote another $150 million to the ...
Middle school may be key to reducing high school dropout rates
A recent panel discussion featuring Johns Hopkins University researcher Dr. Robert Balfanz at a ...
Education stakeholders say more change is needed in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act
Discouraged by the apparent lack of movement on reauthorizing the Elementary and Secondary Education ...
Community colleges prudent to the future prosperity of the U.S.
President Barack Obama has outlined some lofty goals for the nation’s education system, including ...
Conversations about accommodating English learners continue at the Department of Education
There are close to 5 million English learners in the nation’s pre-kindergarten through 12th grade ...
Nation’s schools chief points out common sense regulation adjustments made by the Department of Education
As the nation’s schools continue to work to boost graduation rates, student academic attainment, ...
The push for more physical education continues in the nation’s schools
During the Chicago and Los Angeles legs of NBC’s Education Nation road tour, of which the ...
Department of Education provides information on how to keep students with disabilities connected to technology
The U.S. Department of Education sent out a letter recently to schools across the nation to ensure ...
Five more states get money to turn around persistently low-performing schools
The U.S. Department of Education recently announced that five additional states will receive funding ...
President Obama announces appointees to President’s Advisory Committee for Educational Excellence for Hispanics
President Barack Obama has named his appointees to his Advisory Committee for Educational Excellence ...
U.S. Department of Education announces 2011 U.S. Presidential Scholars
The nation’s top 141 high school students, according to the U.S. Department of Education, have been ...
Environmentally friendly schools get recognized by Department of Education
The U.S. Department of Education announced a new program recognizing schools for their impact, or ...
Public gets second opportunity to chime in on Race to the Top Assessment program implementation
Members of the public will get an opportunity to add their input on how to best make use of new ...
Census Bureau says $10,500 spent per pupil in U.S. public schools during 2009
A new set of data released by the U.S. Census Bureau shows that an average of $10,499 was spent on ...
Educators talk budget cuts and merit pay at Philadelphia Education Nation kickoff
Budget cuts and merit pay were two hot button issues discussed at the Education Nation Teacher Town ...
Philadelphia Tri-State area teachers vote on education’s biggest issues
During the kickoff the Philadelphia leg of the Education Nation road tour, educators from the ...
Record number of educators flock to Philadelphia Education Nation town hall meeting
Hundreds of teachers descended upon Philadelphia’s National Constitution Center to take part in the ...
U.S. Department of Education allocated $200 million to continue Race To The Top reforms
The U.S. Department of Education announced that nine states who lost the first two rounds of the ...
New Race To The Top initiative announced targeting early childhood education
A new initiative targeting the improvement of early childhood education has been recently announced ...
Hispanic academic excellence critical to future U.S. prosperity, says report
An April report by the U.S. Department of Education and White House Initiative on Educational ...
$30 million allocated to second round of Promise Neighborhoods grants
Schools across the nation will soon vie for a cut of $30 million recently allocated to the Promise ...
Department of Education announces creation of regional committees
The U.S. Department of Education has announced the creation of 10 regional education committees that ...
Los Angeles Education Nation Teacher Town Hall sparks heated debate on budget cuts, tenure, charters
Friday afternoon, some 350 teachers gathered at NBC Studios in Los Angeles to take part in the 2011 ...
Education Nation road tour sets up shop in Los Angeles
The 2011 Education Nation road tour is in Los Angeles, making its second stop on the four-city ...
Illinois education bill gets national attention
Illinois educators, legislators, business groups and stakeholders are getting some nation attention ...
Nation’s top scorers on annual National Financial Capability Challenge get recognized
The U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of Finance are recognizing high schoolers who ...
Memphis’ Booker T. Washington High School wins Race to the Top Commencement Challenge
The principal of Memphis, Tennessee’s Booker T. Washington High School got a surprising phone call ...
Education and Health departments reach out to college students on health care options
Up until recently, college students were allowed to be on their parents’ health insurance plan ...
2011 Education Nation Job One event provides look into future for learning in Chicago and beyond
The movers and shakers in Illinois education and politics made it a point to take time out of their ...
Education Nation provides career opportunities, tips for job success
The 2011 Education Nation road tour’s trip through Chicago included a stop at Soldier Field. There, ...
White House honors nation’s top math and science teachers, educators of the year
President Barack Obama has named the recipients of the nation’s top honor for math and science ...
Illinois politicians proud to help kick off NBC’s Education Nation road tour in Chicago
Chicago is the lucky city chosen to host the first leg of NBC’s 2011 Education Nation road tour — ...
NBC's Education Nation exhibit features several interactive tools, including learning assessment
Monday, a ribbon was cut by local schoolchildren, University of Phoenix President William ...
NBC's 2011 Education Nation tour kicks off with spirited Chicago teacher town hall meeting
Teachers from across the Chicagoland area gathered at NBC Tower on Sunday afternoon to take part in ...
SIG conferences build community among turnaround officials at low-performing schools
School Improvement Grant (SIG) regional conferences are taking place across the nation, with the ...
Department of Education creates new initiative to address violence against women in U.S. schools
Vice President Joe Biden announced a new initiative by the Obama administration to help protect ...
Expensive colleges failing to attract low-income students
Since 2004, high-end colleges have failed to increase their enrollment numbers when it comes to ...
Eleven more states get funding for chronically under-performing schools
The Department of Education has announced that 11 more states will receive federal funding to ...
Pell Grants increase community college attendance, says new report
Community colleges are seeing an increase in enrollment due to the boost in Pell Grants available to ...
Six finalists named in the 2011 Race To The Top High School Commencement Challenge
The White House has named the six finalist public schools in the 2011 Race To The Top High School ...
Chicago high school wins national attendance challenge
Three students from Collins Academy, a high school on Chicago’s South Side, will share a $30,000 ...
Five states get funding to improve chronically under-performing schools
Five states across the nation are set to receive funding from the U.S. to improve their ...
White House offers new resource to help cash-strapped school districts and states
States across the country are struggling with budget problems that trickle down and adversely affect ...
Department of Education pushes for more participation in HealthierUS School Challenge
First Lady Michelle Obama joined U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan and U.S. Secretary of ...
State budget problems plaguing Illinois public universities
Illinois' severe budget problems have led the state to get behind in its payments to the Land of ...
President Obama and the First Lady take on bullying in U.S. schools
President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama have zeroed in on a problem that is plaguing ...
Majority of U.S. schools set to fail this year under No Child Left Behind
Eight-two percent of the nation's schools will fail this year under the standards set by the Bush ...
White House hosts first-ever national youth summit
Hundreds of high-achieving students from across the nation will get a chance to see some of ...
Researchers look to find risks for quitting college in new study
The key to keeping students enrolled in college may be a bit closer to being revealed thanks to a ...
Budget woes threaten gains made by education stimulus funds
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) pumped some $100 million into the ...
White House releases "educator toolkit" for teaching personal finance
Teachers can now take advantage of a tool the White House has released as a means to help educators ...
Community colleges become the focus on improving college completion
In order to improve the nation's college completion rate, federal education officials have zeroed in ...
Puerto Rico Department of Education gets initial thumbs-up from Washington
Officials with the U.S. Department of Education recently visited Puerto Rico to take stock of the ...
Department of Education gives money to eight states to improve schools
The U.S. Department of Education has announced plans to give funding to eight states to help them ...
Chicago charter school achieves 100% college acceptance rate two years in a row
Chicago Urban Prep charter school is celebrating quite an accomplishment for the second year in a ...
Obama's expected budget won't include cuts to education, says Duncan
The head of the U.S. Department of Education, Arne Duncan, says President Barack Obama's upcoming ...
For some students, Facebook isn't just for fun anymore
In the winter months, snow days can be a welcome opportunity to miss school for most students—even ...
New Facebook app predicts chances of college acceptance
Wondering what your chances are for getting into the college of your dreams? Well, the makers of a ...
High school students vie to get President Obama as 2011 commencement speaker
Students across the country have the opportunity to score a commencement speaker that will almost ...
Families lack knowledge of education costs, financial aid process
A recent study by the College Board has found that most U.S. families lack sufficient knowledge ...
College retention rates go up at two-year schools, down at four-year institutions
Economic strains could be playing a role in college retention findings that have not been seen in ...
Common core standards face higher education hurdle, says new study
A new report by the Center on Education Policy (CEP) has found that although state school districts ...
Federal education officials set sights on state anti-bullying practices
After a rash of teen and tween suicides from across the nation sparked concern among parents and ...
Looking into the classroom window: Technology at an elite, California high school
Marymount High School is a celebrated independent, all girls institution in Los Angeles. Among other ...
Looking into the classroom window: Technology in a bilingual class
Imagine a classroom in which both English and Spanish words fly through the air simultaneously as ...
Education of military children part of Presidential Initiative
Educational opportunities for military children will become a priority for the U.S. Department of ...
New U.S. Department of Education online tool allows for more transparency
In an effort to create more transparency and foster communication between schools and parents, the ...
Graduation rates can affect parental college picks
Some parents may be more likely to choose a college for their child if they know the school's ...
Student tuition playing larger role in funding for public universities
The aftermath of the Great Recession is continuing to wreak havoc on state budgets, which is, ...
Intense, real-world style education program creates college-bound students
The Linked Learning model adopted by a California school is leading to a dramatic increase in ...
Science advisory calls for all students to be trained in CPR
All American high school graduates would be required to be effectively trained in cardiopulmonary ...
Annual report says U.S. education system coping after Great Recession
The Great Recession has arguably hit all sectors and industries, and much of the nation is trying ...
Home schooling becoming popular with African-Americans
African-American parents and guardians are increasingly joining the ranks of families in the nation ...
Report: 48 states to adopt uniform formula to calculate 2010-2011 high school graduation rates
By the end of 2011, most of the country will be using the same formula to calculate high school ...
Georgia school officials plan for more online schools
Cyber learning opportunities will increase for students in Georgia after a recent vote by the ...
U.S. college tuition prices vary widely
The cost of college tuition in the United States varies quite a bit, according to a new federal ...
U.S. students struggle with military exam
There is a new national security issue that has nothing to do with terrorists, according to a new ...
Online class required for graduation in Memphis
Students enrolled in Memphis City Schools are now required to take at least one online class in ...
University education programs in Ohio to be graded
College and university education programs are set to be evaluated by grade starting in 2011. Both ...