By University of Phoenix
Computer science and computer engineering* both refer to broad computer and information technology disciplines. Although there is an overlap between the two, computer science typically refers to how computers are used, while computer engineering refers to how computers and their systems are built.
Computers and computer networks are ubiquitous today. They form the backbone of everything from modern entertainment to finance. That means understanding their opportunities and limitations is more important than ever. Here’s where to start.
*University of Phoenix does not offer a program that guarantees alignment with career requirements.
Earn a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science degree.
The field of computer science encompasses various career paths related to information processing and computation. This can include fields such as:
● Network architecture
● Database management
● Machine learning
● Natural language processing
● Programming
● Robotics
● Cybersecurity
● Systems management
These fields have small and large-scale applications, from a single network to broader global communications. Industries can use these applications for entertainment, communication, troubleshooting, research, task management and business development.
Computer scientists’ roles and responsibilities depend on their position. Tasks they may encounter or are responsible for include:
● Using programming languages
● Managing networks
● Reviewing data
● Structuring data
● Presenting data
● Integrating data
● Cleaning data
● Developing algorithms
● Building predictive models
● Troubleshooting
● Collaborating
● Evaluating systems
● Optimizing systems
● Simplifying processes
● Designing models
● Conducting experiments
Gaining experience with these tasks can allow you to develop skills necessary for common careers in computer science, such as information technology. For example, careers in information technology include everything from consulting to in-house IT support to app development.
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Computer engineering is a branch of electrical engineering that deals with developing devices and systems related to computer systems. It can include more specific fields such as hardware development, systems integration and network engineering.
Often, positions in this field involve an ongoing development process related to the design, implementation, revision and optimization of devices and systems. Computer engineers typically implement and optimize processes in collaboration with computer scientists.
Computer engineers’ roles and responsibilities depend on their job. Some everyday tasks they may handle are:
● Designing hardware
● Testing hardware
● Analyzing the results of a review
● Optimizing hardware
● Integrating systems
● Implementing updates
● Collaborating with relevant professionals
Computer engineers work in various roles, with some responsible for larger applications and others focusing on more isolated tasks. For example, one computer engineer may oversee hardware integration with a corporation’s network, while another may build and update individual computer stations.
Several degree options are available to develop skills relevant to the computer science and engineering fields. In fact, the skills needed for one are often transferable to the other. Computer science degrees, in particular, have wide applications in technology. That said, two particularly useful bachelor’s degrees for people interested in entering the computer technology industry are in computer science or information technology.
The computer science and computer engineering industries have many career opportunities, and the required skills often transfer between roles. Here are examples of some career paths to consider.
Information technology analysts (computer systems analysts) review procedures to provide reports and optimize performance. They conduct analyses using various information sources, such as direct reviews or input from end users.
Software developers design and update software. Often, they work for larger organizations but can be employed at any scale. Depending on your career goals, you might approach your skill development and experience with opportunities ranging from hands-on experience to formal training in software development.
Application developers design, create and update applications. Applications are software programs that are designed to operate on mobile devices. This software requires ongoing maintenance and regular updates to maintain quality.
Computer consultants provide insight and advice about which devices and systems will best support needs. Large entities such as enterprise businesses or government branches typically hire computer consultants. A consultant may be employed for a one-time project or on an ongoing basis.
A technical consultant advises on various technological processes and devices to achieve business goals. Typically, they conduct this work for larger organizations. They may consult on a one-time or ongoing basis.
Computer scientists and engineers collaborate to ensure that computer processes are cohesive and efficient. Hardware and software systems must be designed with the other in mind and must be regularly reviewed and updated to function optimally.
Computer science and IT programs at University of Phoenix
University of Phoenix (UOPX) does not currently offer a computer engineering program. However, if you’re interested in pursuing a job in information technology or learning more about computer science, UOPX offers online degrees and certificates in the following fields of study:
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