What’s the difference between computer science and computer engineering? 

Computer science and computer engineering* both refer to broad computer and information technology disciplines. Although there is an overlap between the two, computer science typically refers to how computers are used, while computer engineering refers to how computers and their systems are built.

Computers and computer networks form the backbone of everything from modern entertainment to finance. Before deciding which aspect you want to focus on, you need to understand how different areas of study prepare you for various employment opportunities. Here is more information to help get you started.

*University of Phoenix does not offer a computer engineering program that guarantees alignment with career requirements.

Understanding what computer engineering is vs. computer science can help you plan your education and career path. They are closely related fields but focus on different aspects of computing.

Computer engineering applies engineering concepts to the design, development and enhancement of computer hardware. Computer engineers ensure that hardware and software system integration is successful and implement updates and upgrades. Some computer engineers may oversee complex projects involving different elements, such as managing hardware integration into a network, while others may focus on building or optimizing computers or other hardware.

Computer science emphasizes the theoretical foundations of information processing and computation as well as practical instruction for implementing software. Skills needed in computer science include knowledge of algorithms, programming languages, data structures, artificial intelligence and machine learning to develop software and applications.

With those skills, you can apply computer science theory and software development fundamentals to produce computing-based solutions, evaluate a solution to meet a given set of computing requirements in the context of the program’s discipline, and analyze a complex computing problem to apply principles of computing and other relevant disciplines to identify solutions.

When considering computer science vs. computer engineering, one way to look at the difference is that computer engineering is more hardware-oriented while computer science is more software-oriented. The two can overlap, as computer engineers need to understand software concepts and computer scientists must be familiar with the abilities and limitations of hardware.

Which area to focus on depends on whether you are more interested in the physical components of computers or computational theories and software.

One reason to study computer science or engineering are the various career opportunities. As technology advances and proliferates in almost every industry and aspect of life, the demand for skilled professionals for computer science will be high.

Computer science offers a diverse range of jobs across industries, as software developers and engineers are needed to design and maintain systems for everything, from healthcare to retail. It’s a particularly rewarding field for those who like to continually challenge themselves and grow, as the rapid evolution of technology requires lifelong learning and adaptation.

Several online technology degree options are available to develop skills relevant to the computer science field at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

Two particularly useful degrees for people interested in entering the computer technology industry are in computer science bachelor’s degrees or information technology. An associate degree, such as one in information technology, can also help prepare you for entry-level jobs in the field.

For students interested in supervisory roles, many master’s degrees in computer science include coursework in topics like communication, organizational behavior and project management. These skills are critical to direct IT and software development teams and departments.

There’s a variety of careers for those with a computer science degree. Required skills can transfer and responsibilities can overlap among different jobs, providing flexibility over a career. You may also be able to add to your skill set over time and qualify for additional jobs with certificate courses, or you may choose to earn an advanced degree.

These are some of the main positions to consider.  

Information technology analysts (computer systems analysts) review procedures to provide reports and optimize performance. They conduct analyses using various information sources, such as direct reviews or input from end users.

Software developers design and update software. Often, they work for larger organizations but can be employed at any scale. Depending on your career goals, you might want to become a software developer, in which case you will want to hone skills and experience with opportunities ranging from hands-on experience to formal training in software development.

Application developers design, create and update applications. Applications are software programs that are designed to operate on mobile devices. This software requires ongoing maintenance and regular updates to maintain quality.

Computer consultants provide insight and advice about which devices and systems will best support needs. Large entities such as enterprise businesses or government branches typically hire computer consultants. A consultant may be employed for a one-time project or on an ongoing basis.

A technical consultant advises on various technological processes and devices to achieve business goals. Typically, they conduct this work for larger organizations. They may consult on a one-time or ongoing basis. 

A database architect designs or organizes systems for storing data so that it is secure but also accessible. They also implement processes for data recovery, backup and maintenance.

Understanding what is computer engineering vs. computer science becomes clearer when you consider the career paths. Computer science and computer engineering degrees may be interchangeable for certain career paths, such as those involving systems architecture and some IT roles.

However, computer engineering degrees typically focus more on hardware design and integration, while computer science degrees may delve more into theoretical and practical aspects of software engineering and development. So, while there is some overlap, it’s best to choose the degree that aligns with your specific career aspirations and interests.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), computer science positions are projected to grow 23% from 2022 to 2032. This is about 3,400 openings per year for these roles.

BLS has job outlook information for computer hardware engineers, but the projected growth is significantly less than what’s projected for computer scientists.

BLS Occupational Employment Projections, 2022-2032 is published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. This data reflects BLS’ projections of national (not local) conditions. These data points are not specific to University of Phoenix students or graduates.

Since computer engineers often ensure that hardware and software systems work together, it’s recommended for them to learn some of the more widely used coding languages. However, they may not need as much in-depth expertise or learn as many programming languages as are required in software development or other computer science fields.

Computer science vs. computer engineering isn’t a case of one being better. Both offer challenging and rewarding careers and may even occasionally intersect with each other.

Computer science students may choose from different degrees to focus on various specialties in the field, such as software development, data science or cybersecurity. Their studies can lead them to jobs in industries like technology, insurance and manufacturing — any field that uses software.

University of Phoenix (UOPX) does not currently offer a computer engineering program. However, if you’re interested in pursuing a job in information technology or learning more about computer science, UOPX offers online degrees and certificates in several fields of study. Join us and take the first step into an exciting career.

Here’s a look at other relevant programs at University of Phoenix:

• Associate of Arts with a concentration in Information Technology: This program covers information systems fundamentals, algorithms and logic for computer programming, and more.
• Bachelor of Science in Information Technology: In this online IT program, you’ll learn foundations of networking and cloud services, object-oriented scripting language and more.
• Bachelor of Science in Computer Science: This online CS degree program will help you develop core skills in programming and networking and gain a deeper understanding of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data. Learn to apply computer science theory to real-world business challenges, including writing and presenting your app to your peers. You can also use elective courses to earn a certificate in cybersecurity, networking, cloud computing and much more.
• Bachelor of Science in Data Science: This degree focuses on fundamental skills and knowledge in analyzing, manipulating and processing data sets using statistical software.
• Master of Information Systems: In this online information systems degree, students gain the technical and leadership skills necessary for developing and managing information systems.