college of doctoral studies # Research white papers Welcome to your source for scholarship and discovery emerging from University of Phoenix College of Doctoral Studies. ## latest publications Silent Witnesses: Trauma-Informed Bystander Intervention Practices in School-Based Settings  By Jar'Mel Taylor, EdD [Download white paper](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/organizational-wellness/2026/trauma-informed-bystander-taylor.pdf) This white paper argues that trauma–informed bystander intervention represents a critical, yet underdeveloped, school–based strategy for strengthening safety, belonging, and student voice across diverse K–12 contexts, and reframes bystander silence as a systemic issue rather than an individual failure. It proposes a trauma–informed bystander intervention model grounded in the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s 4Rs framework and aligned with school-wide practices. --- How Organizations Can Help Sandwich Moms Achieve Work-Life Balance  By TaMika Fuller, DBA, and Victoria Lender, DBA [Download white paper](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2026/sandwich-moms-fuller-lender.pdf) Drawing on findings from the 2025 University of Phoenix Career Optimism Special ReportTMSeries: Moms in the Sandwich Generation report, this white paper highlights the emotional, financial and career impacts of dual caregiving responsibilities, and outlines actionable strategies organizations can implement to better support this workforce segment.  --- The Autonomy–Burnout Crisis in the Modern Workforce  By Julie A. Overbey, PhD, MSA and Pamela Ann Gordon, PhD [Download white paper](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/organizational-leadership/2026/psychological-foundations-autonomy-burnout-overbey-gordon.pdf) This white paper explores how autonomy, self-determination theory and leadership practices influence employee burnout, engagement and long-term organizational sustainability, and provides evidence-based recommendations for leaders seeking to mitigate burnout and build healthier workplace cultures.  --- Bridging the Gap: Addressing the Persistent Digital Divide and AI Access in Rural Workforce Development  By Stella Smith, PhD [Download white paper](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2026/rural-digital-divide-smith.pdf) This white paper draws on the G.R.O.W. Generating Rural Opportunities in the Workforce™ report to analyze how persistent disparities in digital access affect employee well-being, career development and organizational resilience in rural communities, and explores opportunities presented by the integration of AI technologies into rural economies. --- ## more papers [Emotional Intelligence as a Foundation for Organizational Wellness This white paper examines how emotional intelligence functions as a critical skill and leadership capability, offering insights to inform leadership development, policy design and organizational strategy.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/organizational-wellness/2026/emotional-intelligence-russell.pdf)[Rebuilding the Social Contract This white paper explores how declining institutional trust and autonomy contribute to employee burnout as well as options employers can take to increase institutional trust.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2026/rebuilding-social-contract-fuller-lender.pdf)[Engaging the Overextended: Designing Higher Education for Women Balancing Care, Work, and Learning This white paper examines how institutional models must evolve to reflect modern learners’ conditions, and explores how life-aligned design principles can strengthen engagement.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2026/designing-higher-education-overextended-sylvester.pdf)[Burnout and Autonomy in the Modern Workforce: The Role of AI-Driven Skilling in Equity and Resilience This white paper examines the intersection of burnout, autonomy, equity, and artificial intelligence (AI) in the U.S. workforce, and offers actionable strategies for employers.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/organizational-wellness/2025/recovering-burnout-mentoring-harris-sessoms-penny.pdf)[Reclaiming Control: Autonomy as the Key to Workforce Resilience and Career Optimism This white paper builds on previous research to further explore if autonomy is the missing link in continuing to achieve workforce resilience. ](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2025/reclaiming-control-workforce-resilience-k-johnson.pdf)[Leadership Opportunities for Increasing Employee Value through Artificial Intelligence This white paper hypothesizes that AI tools and training can be a critical tool for closing the skills gap and restoring worker autonomy as well as job satisfaction.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2025/leadership-value-ai-lawlor-darbyshire.pdf)[Recovering from Burnout Through Mentoring This white paper explores findings from the 2025 Career Optimism Index® and discusses the significance of intersecting mentoring and burnout with strategies to reclaim a sense of purpose for organizational stakeholders.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/organizational-wellness/2025/recovering-burnout-mentoring-harris-sessoms-penny.pdf)[Autonomy and Competitive Edge: Mentorship as a Solution This white paper describes factors contributing to workers’ crisis of autonomy, employer initiatives to strengthen autonomy, and mentorship as a strategy to enhance competitive edge.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2025/mentorship-underdahl.pdf)[Reinventing Productivity: Aligning AI Innovation with Human Potential in the Modern Workforce This white paper explores AI’s impact on employee productivity, engagement, and psychological well-being, and considers leadership practices essential for aligning AI integration with sustainable workforce outcomes.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2025/reinventing-productivity-sylvester.pdf)[Probing the Unique Characteristics of Rural Schooling: A Narrative Inquiry This white paper uses G.R.O.W. Generating Rural Opportunities in the Workforce™ report findings to contextualize a narrative study of significant experiences and insights of current and retired educators in rural schools.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2025/rural-schools-lane.pdf)[Optimism: A Value-Added Requirement for 21st Century Organizations This white paper explores the role of worker and organizational optimism in countering uncertainty and discusses how developing and maintaining an optimistic work culture becomes an important value-added component for innovative organizations.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/organizational-leadership/2025/optimism-gordon-overbey.pdf)[Discovering School Memories Positive Relationship with Parents’ Engagement This white paper presents a quantitative correlational study aimed at exploring the relationship between school memories and parents' involvement in their children's education and future planning.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2025/school-memories-parent-engagement-r-jordan.pdf)[Current Hiring Challenges in Law Enforcement Organizations This white paper explores factors impacting the hiring market for law enforcement officers, and discusses opportunities to address the areas of concern and expand the pool of qualified candidates.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/organizational-wellness/2024/mcdowell-hiring-law-enforcement.pdf)[Cultivating Supportive Learning Communities to Increase Retention and Success in Online Programs This white paper offers a literature-based overview of methods for fostering supportive online learning communities that enhance student retention and success in online programs. ](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2024/increasing-retention-success-online-learning-communities.pdf)[Clarity on Career Advancement: Transforming Optimism into Results This white paper utilizes data from the Career Institute® 2024 Career Optimism Index® to examine factors affecting employees' career advancement. It discusses actionable strategies for employees, employers, and educators.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2024/clarity-career-advancement-transforming-optimism-results.pdf)[Good Leader, Bad Decisions This white paper explores how leaders and organizations may benefit from understanding the brain's reaction when a crisis arises, how to avoid making repeatedly bad decisions, and turn a bad decision into a successful decision-making process.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2024/priest-leaders-crisis.pdf)[Can Leaders’ Grit and Passion Spread Organizational Toxicity? This white paper leverages findings from the Career Optimism Index® study and theoretical implications of leadership passion and grit to better understand the state of organizational leadership.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/organizational-leadership/2024/grit-passion-lang-hines.pdf)[Think Global, Act Local: The Impact of a Global Mindset to Awaken Local Career Opportunities This white paper explores how adopting a global perspective can revitalize local career momentum.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2024/062024-recruiting-retaining-millennials-genz-jterrell.pdf)[Empathetic Leadership: Transforming Workplaces with Compassion and Understanding This white paper explores existing research that supports the positive impact of empathetic leadership on workplace perceptions and turnover, and proposes that the characteristic of empathy is not just a soft skill but a powerful tool.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/organizational-wellness/2024/082024-empathetic-leadership-goods-mccalla-langford.pdf)[Are Critical Access Hospitals in Critical Condition? This white paper presents study findings based on insights from the Career Optimism Index® study as well as data for 20 critical access hospitals in Illinois as a sample to explore the concern about closure of rural hospitals.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/organizational-leadership/2024/072024-critical-access-hospitals-critical-condition-notaro.pdf)[Recruiting and Retaining Millennials and Gen Zs in the Workplace This white paper explores the traits of the two generations and highlights four areas of concern among Millennial and Gen Z employee respondents as well as providing insights to inform strategies for recruitment and retention of younger workforce members.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2024/062024-recruiting-retaining-millennials-genz-jterrell.pdf)[Recommendations to Support Workplace Wellness Using the EMPower CARE Scorecard With a focus on workplace wellness, in this paper, the authors developed and introduce the EMPower Care Scorecard concept as a comprehensive framework to address these disparities and cultivate a positive work environment.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2024/advancing-careers-inclusive-support-collaboration-fa-taylor.pdf)[Advancing Careers through Inclusive Support and Collaboration This paper examines shortcomings revealed by the 2023 Career Optimism Index® and challenges the notion of a one-size-fits-all approach to careers.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2024/advancing-careers-inclusive-support-collaboration-fa-taylor.pdf)[Betrayal: When Job or Career Leads to Disappointment This whitepaper offers insight into the phenomenon depicted in the news and media during 2024 as "The Great Betrayal" as well as hope and advice to those experiencing the realities of job or career betrayal, as well as the potentials of career fullfillment.](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/organizational-leadership/2024/job-and-career-betrayal.pdf)[APA Formatting: Promoting Integrity and Structure While the use of APA as a means of formatting papers has been a standard in academia for quite some time, what has been the current engagement of this standard? Are there opportunities for faculty to enhance the process of teaching APA standards? ](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/organizational-leadership/2024/apa-white-paper.pdf)[How Support Systems Contribute to Increased Retention in the Workplace Employers could increase retention in the workplace by embracing support systems. Support systems include employer resource programs, networking, coaching, and mentoring.](/content/dam/edu/career-institute/doc/support-systems-workplace-fuller.pdf)[Thought Leadership in Skills: Skill Sets, Graduate Employability, and Next Steps Employers in evolving job markets seek demonstrated adaptability, willingness to learn, and growth mindset. Cognitive skills must be complemented by soft skills...](/content/dam/edu/research/doc/white-papers/educational-instructional-technology/2024/thought-leadership-skills-underdahl-etal.pdf)